Year: 1991
Paper: 3
Question Number: 9
Course: UFM Pure
Section: Polar coordinates
No solution available for this problem.
Difficulty Rating: 1700.0
Difficulty Comparisons: 0
Banger Rating: 1485.6
Banger Comparisons: 1
The parametric equations $E_{1}$ and $E_{2}$ define the same
ellipse, in terms of the parameters $\theta_{1}$ and $\theta_{2}$,
(though not referred to the same coordinate axes).
\begin{alignat*}{2}
E_{1}:\qquad & x=a\cos\theta_{1}, & \quad & y=b\sin\theta_{1},\\
E_{2}:\qquad & x=\dfrac{k\cos\theta_{2}}{1+e\cos\theta_{2}}, & \quad & y=\dfrac{k\sin\theta_{2}}{1+e\cos\theta_{2}},
\end{alignat*}
where $0< b< a,$ $0< e< 1$ and $0< k$. Find the position of the axes
for $E_{2}$ relative to the axes for $E_{1}$ and show that $k=a(1-e^{2})$
and $b^{2}=a^{2}(1-e^{2}).$
{[}The standard polar equation of an ellipse is $r=\dfrac{\ell}{1+e\cos\theta}.]$
By considering expressions for the length of the perimeter of the
ellipse, or otherwise, prove that
\[
\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1-e^{2}\cos^{2}\theta}\,\mathrm{d}\theta=\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{1-e^{2}}{(1+e\cos\theta)^{2}}\sqrt{1+e^{2}+2e\cos\theta}\,\mathrm{d}\theta.
\]
Given that $e$ is so small that $e^{6}$ may be neglected, show that
the value of either integral is
\[
\tfrac{1}{64}\pi(64-16e^{2}-3e^{4}).
\]