Problems

\textit{In this question, the argument of a complex number is chosen to satisfy \(0\leqslant\arg z<2\pi.\)} Let \(z\) be a complex number whose imaginary part is positive. What can you say about \(\arg z\)? The complex numbers \(z_{1},z_{2}\) and \(z_{3}\) all have positive imaginary part and \(\arg z_{1}<\arg z_{2}<\arg z_{3}.\) Draw a diagram that shows why \[ \arg z_{1}<\arg(z_{1}+z_{2}+z_{3})<\arg z_{3}. \] Prove that \(\arg(z_{1}z_{2}z_{3})\) is never equal to \(\arg(z_{1}+z_{2}+z_{3}).\)

For the real numbers \(a_1\), \(a_2\), \(a_3\), \(\ldots\),

1. prove that \(a_1^2+a_2^2 \ge 2a_1a_2\),
2. prove that \(a_1^2+a_2^2 +a_3^2 \ge a_2a_3 + a_3a_1 +a_1a_2\),
3. prove that $3(a_1^2+a_2^2 +a_3^2 +a_4^2) \ge 2(a_1a_2+a_1a_3 + a_1a_4 +a_2a_3 + a_2a_4 +a_3a_4)\(,
4. state and prove a generalisation of (iii) to the case of \)n$ real numbers,
5. prove that $$ \left(\sum_{i=1}^n a_i \right)^2 \ge {2n\over n-1} \sum_{i,j} a_ia_j, $$ where the latter sum is taken over all pairs \((i,j)\) with $1\le i